以史为鉴，以律为师！

释观清

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.35pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 华文新魏"><FONT size=6>以史为鉴，以律为师！<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">安居，为佛教僧团中一项修行制度，又称为坐夏、结夏、结制等。“安居”的梵语为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>va^rs!ika </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> vars!a</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">，巴利语</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>vassa</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">，意译为“雨期”。印度的夏季有近三个月的雨季，佛制，在这三个月间，出家人应避免出行，当聚居一处，专致修行，故译为安居</SPAN></FONT><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn1" name=_ftnref1><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[1]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>。此因雨季外出，恐伤虫类，招世讥嫌；又暴雨偏多，比丘之随身器物，恐多飘没，故立此制。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>中国佛教的安居法制，始于姚秦，一向以四月十六日为始，而终于七月十五日</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn2" name=_ftnref2><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[2]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>。然《大唐西域记》中玄奘法师曾核考天竺、震旦之历法，以为当自五月十五始，终于八月十五</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn3" name=_ftnref3><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[3]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>。验之诸部，此说当是</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn4" name=_ftnref4><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[4]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">安居多摄于夏时，然亦有冬季安居者，《大唐西域记》曾数及“羯霜那国”僧团以“十二月十六日入安居，三月十五日解安居”，因为此国斯时多雨，正符梵文</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>va^rs!ika</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">之原意</SPAN></FONT><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn5" name=_ftnref5><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[5]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>。汉地禅门亦有仿之而行“冬安居”者</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn6" name=_ftnref6><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[6]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>，此风后亦传至日本。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>诸部律中，有“前安居”“后安居”之说</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn7" name=_ftnref7><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[7]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>，自五月十六日开始的为“前安居”，六月十六日起是为“后安居”。西藏诸部安居自六月十六始，当即此“后安居”</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn8" name=_ftnref8><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[8]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>。“前安居”、“后安居”，皆以九旬为限</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn9" name=_ftnref9><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[9]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>。安居之末一日</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn10" name=_ftnref10><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[10]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>为自恣日</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn11" name=_ftnref11><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[11]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">、受岁日。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>安居未竟而出，谓之“破夏”</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn12" name=_ftnref12><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[12]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>，未行安居，谓之“失夏”。东土律门，以“坐夏”与“受岁”捆绑，认为未安居或“破夏”者不得岁，不增法腊</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn13" name=_ftnref13><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[13]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>。此实为一大误解！唐·义净三藏对此风曾作严肃批评：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">“凡诸破夏，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">苾</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">刍但不获其十利，然是本位，理无成小。岂容昔时受敬，今翻礼卑？习以成俗，本无凭据，依夏受请，盗过容生。故应详审，理无疏略。宜取受戒之日以论大小，纵令失夏，不退下行。寻捡圣教无文，谁昔遣行斯事？</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">”</SPAN></FONT><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn14" name=_ftnref14><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[14]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>这是说：“破夏”者唯不获比丘之十利</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn15" name=_ftnref15><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[15]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>，并没有不增法腊、不得受岁之说</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn16" name=_ftnref16><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[16]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=4><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">。比丘相见，以受戒前后论长幼，纵然失夏，不退法腊。否则会出现长老拜新学之类违背教制的举动！义净三藏对此很重视，在《寄归传》初始就作出了批评</SPAN></FONT><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn17" name=_ftnref17><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[17]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>法腊本来是比丘得戒后的年资，僧中排班定序，以法腊论长幼。但中国的僧史中，有几件非常特别的例子，“法腊”竟能“自减”和“赠予”，这也可算作趣闻了。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>自减法腊的例子，出自《高僧传》。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=4>《高僧传》卷二《昙无谶》：<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=4>“有张掖沙门道进，欲从谶受菩萨戒。谶云：‘且悔过！’乃竭诚七日七夜。至第八日，诣谶求受。谶忽大怒。进更思惟：‘但是我业障未消耳。’乃戮力三年，且禅且忏。进即於定中，见释迦文佛与诸大士授己戒法。其夕同止十余人，皆感梦，如进所见。进欲诣谶说之。未及至数十步，谶惊起，唱言：‘善哉，善哉，已感戒矣！吾当更为汝作证。’次第於佛像前为说戒相。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=4>时沙门道朗，振誉关西。当进感戒之夕，朗亦通梦。乃自卑戒腊，求为法弟。於是，从进受者，千有余人。传授此法，迄至于今，皆谶之余则。”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">道朗法师示以谦卑，良可赞誉。然“自卑戒腊”，毕竟于圣教无闻。或以彼时佛法传来未尽之故也。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>赠赐夏腊，始于武周。当时，有道士杜乂，愿出家为比丘。武则天大为嘉奖，赠赐三十腊！新学比丘，骤然便是耆年长老！此实褒美太过，于法不合</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn18" name=_ftnref18><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[18]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>唐穆宗时，天宁军节度使刘总</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn19" name=_ftnref19><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[19]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>剃发，朝廷赠五十腊、赐紫袈裟</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn20" name=_ftnref20><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[20]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>！而刘总曾弑父杀兄，于律当属遮难之人，不堪受戒！此之颁赐，虽美其归化，然于圣教之不符亦远矣！</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>此后，后梁朱温以钱镠来归，赐其出家之子法腊三十、并紫袈裟</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn21" name=_ftnref21><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT size=4>[21]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">。这不知是不是最后的“赠予”了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>治佛教史之名家汤用彤先生评价这类事例说：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=4>“帝王可干预僧人之修持，而僧徒纪纲，渐至破坏矣。”</FONT><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftn22" name=_ftnref22><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>[22]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 19.2pt 0pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: 1.83gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p><FONT size=4>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>乱曰：</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>僧纲有序，高行怀远。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71"><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">以史为鉴，以律为师！</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align=right><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=4>二〇〇六年三月一日</FONT></SPAN></P><HR align=left width="33%" SIZE=1><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref1" name=_ftn1><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[1]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《四分律删补随机羯磨疏》卷四，解释安居为：“形心摄静为安，要期在住为居”，是典型的中国式训诂。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref2" name=_ftn2><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[2]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《四分律删繁补阙行事钞·安居策修篇第十一》</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref3" name=_ftn3><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[3]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《大唐西域记》卷八：“印度僧徒依佛圣教，皆以室罗伐拏月前半一日入雨安居，当此五月十六日；以頞湿缚庾阇月后半十五日解雨安居，当此八月十五日印度月名依星而建，古今不易诸部无差。良以方言未融，传译有谬，分时计月致斯乖异。故以四月十六日入安居，七月十五日解安居也。”</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=2>按：经典有云四月十五为释迦佛诞生、成道、涅磐日（今西藏尚以此日为佛诞节）。或神州律师，因此致谬？！</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref4" name=_ftn4><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[4]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">然亦随方设教，或无可厚非。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref5" name=_ftn5><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[5]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《西域记》卷一云：“羯霜那国……冬末春初，霖雨相继。故此境已南，滥波已北，其国风土，并多温疾。而诸僧徒以十二月十六日入安居，三月十五日解安居。斯乃据其多雨，亦是设教随时也。”</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref6" name=_ftn6><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[6]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">丛林称为“冬参夏讲”，时间多为十月十五日至翌年正月十五日。然禅门此项，不如律门行事讲究、严格。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref7" name=_ftn7><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[7]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《四分律》卷五十八有“三安居”之说：“有三种安居：前安居、中安居、後安居。”</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref8" name=_ftn8><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[8]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">藏地苦寒，夏时颇短，雨季阙如。所制安居，为一个半月。此亦随方毗尼。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref9" name=_ftn9><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[9]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=2>《南海寄归内法传》卷二《五众安居》：“若前安居，谓五月黑月一日；後安居，则六月黑月一日。唯斯两日，合作安居，於此中间，文无许处。至八月半，是前夏了；至九月半是後夏了。”《大唐西域记》卷二：“故印度僧徒依佛圣教坐两安居：或前三月，或後三月。前三月，当此从五月十六日至八月十五日；後三月，当此从六月十六日至九月十五日。”皆云安居为三个月。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">关于“中安居”，《四分律删繁补阙行事钞·安居策修篇第十一》云：“十七日已去至五月十五日名中安居。”然依上文，义净三藏以为“唯斯两日（即四月十六、五月十六）合作安居，於此中间，文无许处！”且以安居之羯摩、自恣诸事验之，《行事钞》之说非是！</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref10" name=_ftn10><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[10]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《四分律行事钞》卷上：“律云：安居竟，自恣。则七月十六日为定……克定一期，十六日定。”以“安居竟”之后一日（十六日）为自恣日，恐系误读律文。《四分律》卷五十九：“夏安居竟，应作五事：自恣……”，并未说是“安居竟”的后一日。《寄归传》卷二《随意成规》：“（十五日）过午咸集……随意既讫，任各东西。即是坐夏已周，无劳更经一宿。”验诸余部，亦无十六日自恣之说。《增一阿含》卷二十四《善聚品》亦云：“佛告阿难曰：汝今于露地速击揵稚，所以然者，今七月十五日是受岁之日。”可知。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref11" name=_ftn11><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[11]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">自恣，即说罪、忏悔。义净三藏译作“随意”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref12" name=_ftn12><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[12]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">不行“安居”者亦当入此列。然有“王难”等，不算破夏。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref13" name=_ftn13><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[13]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《行事钞·自恣篇》云：“破夏、不安居人，虽不得岁……”，且常以“破夏”与“得岁”互举，故知律宗实有此说。我认得一耆年老僧，少小出家，自以为法腊不过六岁，即此。而诸方亦习以为常。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref14" name=_ftn14><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[14]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">见《南海寄归内法传》卷第一“一、破夏非小”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref15" name=_ftn15><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[15]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">比丘十利：指比丘安居时和安居后应得的十项利益。《根本说一切有部律摄》卷七：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">然获利时，总有八种：一、界所得利；二、立制所得利；三、依止所得利；四、安居所得利；五、僧伽所得利；六、苾刍所得利；七、对面所得利；八、定处所得利。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">加上衣利、食利，共为十种。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref16" name=_ftn16><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[16]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">就是说，法腊，只与受比丘戒以来之年资有关，并不关于安居、破夏与否！</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref17" name=_ftn17><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[17]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">然丛林至今依旧沿袭讹说而未能改！憾甚！</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref18" name=_ftn18><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[18]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">见赞宁《大宋僧史略·赐夏腊》：“天后朝，道士杜乂回心，求愿为僧。敕许剃染，配佛授记寺，法名玄嶷，敕赐三十夏。以其乍入法流，须居下位，茍赐虎腊，则顿为老成也。赐夏腊起於此矣！”又见宋钱易《南部新书》。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref19" name=_ftn19><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[19]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">刘总事迹，见《旧唐书》卷一百四十七，《新唐书》卷二百二十五。《资治通鉴》卷二百四十一，亦载其削发事。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref20" name=_ftn20><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[20]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=2>《大宋僧史略·赐夏腊》：“长庆元年三月，天平军节度使刘总，以幽州私第为佛寺。诏以‘报恩’为名。仍遣中官焦仙晟，以寺额赐之。总以幽父之故，神情慌匆，故造佛寺。寻奏，乞度为僧。敕赐大觉师号，仍加五十腊。此优异其人，欲令入法位高也。且律教许三人同引受戒，得法一时，尚推头名为，岂分大族、王门、子弟邪？朝廷以刘氏久据幽上，美总创知顺理，故加腊赐之，慰其意也。”</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=2>《资治通鉴》卷二百四十一：“诏赐总名大觉，寺名报恩，遣中使以紫僧服及天平节钺、侍中告身并赐之。”</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn21" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref21" name=_ftn21><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[21]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=2>《大宋僧史略·赐夏腊》：“梁开平中，吴越王钱氏奏令季男出家，法名令因，敕赐紫衣，号法相大师，加三十腊。”</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn22" href="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/EditPost.asp?ThreadID=3217&amp;PostID=17921#_ftnref22" name=_ftn22><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">[22]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">《汤用彤全集》第二卷，《隋唐佛教史稿》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>P30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">。</SPAN></FONT></P><p>［此帖子已被 释观清 在 2006-3-3 23:53:53 编辑过］

喜饶嘉措

<P><FONT size=4>法师博学，至为钦佩！</FONT></P><P><FONT size=4>汉地这种事好像存在不少，比如食三净肉破杀戒，八关斋戒“过午”不能喝汽水、在家人受五戒和菩萨戒可以穿袈裟等。</FONT></P><P>&nbsp;</P><p>［此帖子已被 喜饶嘉措 在 2006-3-1 22:27:18 编辑过］

houwenhu-5

<P>顶礼三世佛陀法幢！波罗提木叉！</P><P>这才是格鲁巴心髓的教法啊！</P>

释观清

<P><FONT size=4>补注：</FONT></P><P><FONT size=4>《南海寄归内法传》：“<FONT face=楷体_GB2312>凡诸破夏，</FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 楷体_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">苾</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">刍但不获其十利</SPAN>”</FONT></P><P><FONT size=4>“十利”：指比丘安居时和安居后应得的十项利益。</FONT></P><P><FONT size=4>《根本说一切有部律摄》卷七：“然获利时，总有八种：一、界所得利；二、立制所得利；三、依止所得利；四、安居所得利；五、僧伽所得利；六、苾刍所得利；七、对面所得利；八、定处所得利。” <BR>加上衣利、食利，共为十种。</FONT></P>

xs01

<P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><FONT size=4>“帝王可干预僧人之修持，而僧徒纪纲，渐至破坏矣。”</FONT></SPAN></P><P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=2>言之有理呀。</FONT></P><P><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=2>其他不懂有点考证的味。但还是钦佩<FONT size=4>法师博学。</FONT></FONT><FONT face=楷体_GB2312 size=5>顶礼！</FONT></P>

烦恼敌

我也顶！

wzsx

<IMG src="http://www.gelu.org/bbs/images/Emotions/28.gif">

lamrim

<P>当前的中国社会环境下，守戒谈何容易？</P><P>别的不说，单这个盗戒，就知犯了多少回了，在下敢说超过99％的pc上有盗版软件。</P><P>（如果在网吧上网，明知他们的机器装的是盗版还用，算不算犯戒？）</P><P>平日里，电影光盘，音乐CD，绝大部分是盗版的。</P><P>现代中国人的盗业，淫业是越造越多，偏社会上还有邪见称盗版有理等等。</P><P>&nbsp;</P>

请问

盗版软件。。。好像说这个类似于三净肉。。。

云水堂主

<BLOCKQUOTE><STRONG>引用</STRONG>：<HR>原文由 <B>喜饶嘉措</B> 发表于 <I>2006-3-1 21:46:22</I> :<P><FONT size=4>在家人受五戒和菩萨戒可以穿袈裟等。</FONT></P><HR></BLOCKQUOTE>《灵峰宗论》中专门就僧衣的问题，写了一篇文章辩驳。可惜至今无人更正，悲哀。