波士顿美术馆 - 唐卡

肃火斤

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Rakta Yamari (Tibetan: shin je she mar. English: the Red Enemy of Death). An emanation of the bodhisattva of wisdom Manjushri, he embraces the consort Vajra Vetali.

"... Bhagavan Krodha Yamari with a body red in colour, one face and two hands. The right hand holds aloft a white stick marked with a fresh yellow head. The left holds a blood filled skullcup embracing the Vidya of natural light [Vajra Vetali]; mouth with bared fangs and tongue curled, possessing three round red eyes, yellow mustache, eyebrows and hair flowing upward, wearing a lower garment of tiger skin, adorned with the eight great nagas and a necklace of half a hundred dripping heads and a crown of five dry skulls. Frightful with the resources of a yamari standing above a red buffalo in a manner with the right leg bent and left straight in the middle of a blazing fire of pristine awareness." (Thartse Panchen Namka Palzang, 18th century).

At the top center is the primordial buddha Vajradhara accompanied by Vajrasattva, mahasiddhas (Indian adepts) and Tibetan lamas of the lineage. At the middle left and right are the meditational deities Akshobhyavajra Guhyasamaja and Mahamaya.

At the bottom center is Heruka Vajrabhairava with Krishna Yamari at the left and 'Secret Accomplishment' Hayagriva on the right.

The Main Indian Lineage: Vajradhara, Manjushri Yamari, Jnanadakini, mahasiddha Virupa, Dombi Heruka, Viratipa, Matigarbha, Gambhiramati, Vajrasana Ashokashri, Nishkalangka Devi, Revendra Prabha, Chag Lotsawa Choje Pal (the first Tibetan in the lineage), etc. There were many lineages of Rakta Yamari to enter Tibet and most are traced back to the mahasiddha Virupa.

Tibet

1600 - 1699

Uncertain Lineage

87.70x62cm (34.53x24.41in)

Ground Mineral Pigment, Black Background on Cotton

Collection of Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

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Shakyamuni Buddha (Tibetan: sha kya tu pa, sang gye. English: the Sage of the Shakya Clan, Enlightened One): surrounded by the lineage of incarnate Panchen Lamas above, meditational deities below, along with protectors and wealth deities - the Field for the Accumulation of Merit (Tib.: tsog shing).

China

1700 - 1799

Gelug Lineage

78x48cm (30.71x18.90in)

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

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Panjarnata, Vajra Mahakala (Tibetan: dor je nag po chen po, gur gyi gon po. English: the Great Vajra Black One, Lord of the Pavilion), special protector of the Hevajra cycle of teachings and principal protector of the Sakya Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

Panjarnata, Vajra Mahakala (Tibetan: dor je nag po chen po, gur gyi gon po. English: the Great Vajra Black One, Lord of the Pavilion), special protector of the Hevajra cycle of teachings and principal protector of the Sakya Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

Panjarnata Mahakala: "The great Vajra Mahakala blazes, with one face, two hands, holding in the right a curved knife and in the left a skullcup filled with blood held above and below the heart. Held across the middle of the two forearms is the 'Gandhi of Emanation.' With three eyes, bared fangs, yellow hair flowing upward, [he has] a crown of five dry human skulls and a necklace of fifty wet - blood dripping. Adorned with six bone ornaments and snakes, having a lower garment of tiger skin, flowing with pendants and streamers of various silks, in a posture dwarfish and thick [he] stands above a corpse. [Surrounding him are]...a black crow, ...a black dog; ...a wolf; ...a black man; above a garuda; emanations of messengers... with Akshobhya [Buddha] as a crown; standing in the middle of blazing fire of pristine awareness." (Konchog Lhundrub 1497-1557).

There are four accompanying figures in the painted composition. At the top left is Bhutadamara Vajrapani, blue, with four hands, standing in a wrathful posture surrounded by flames. At the top right is the mother of all Mahakalas, Ekajati, blue, with one face and two hands holding a vase to the heart, in a seated posture. At the bottom left is Mahakala Vyaghravahana, riding a tiger, holding a stick upraised in the right hand and a skullcup in the left. At the bottom right is Shri Devi with one face and four hands, riding a mule.

Bhutadamara Vajrapani: "...the King of the Wrathful, Shri Vajrapani Bhutadamara, with a body blue-black in colour, one face, four hands. The first right hand holds aloft a blue vajra with tines open and the left in a wrathful gesture and holding a vajra lasso. The two main hands perform the daemon subduing mudra at the heart. The mouth has bared fangs and tongue curled, three round red eyes glaring fiercely, orange mustache, eyebrows and hair blazing upward. Having a crown of five dry skulls and a necklace of fifty wet. Adorned with eight great nagas and wearing a lower garment of tiger skin and upper robe of blue silk. Standing with the right leg bent and left straight - pressing on Bhuta Aparajita lying face down; white, with three eyes, four hands. The right holds a drum and curved knife, left a skullcup and trident, wearing a tiger skin as a lower garment and yellow hair in a top knot - standing in the middle of a fiercely blazing fire of pristine awareness."

Ekajati: "...Ekajati, with a body blue in colour, one face, two hands holding a nectar filled vase to the heart; with an upper garment of white silk fabric and a lower garment of tiger skin; with the hair done in one braid, hanging to the left; in a fierce aspect."

Shri Devi: "...the Glorious Goddess, Mistress of the Desire Realm, riding a donkey with a white patch; with a body blue-black in colour, one face and four hands; the first right holds a sword, second a skullcup filled with blood; the first left holds a spear, the second a trident; with a crown of five dry human skulls and a necklace of fifty wet and six bone ornaments; an elephant hide as an upper garment and a rakshasa hide as a lower garment, the lower garment of woven hair; the Lord of Nagas tied as a girdle; possessing three eyes, a stiff human corpse in the mouth; bared fangs. The right ear is adorned with a poisonous snake and the left a lion. On the body arranged in bunches are drops of blood, clots of mold, and ashes of the dead; very emaciated; in the middle of the body a sun and moon appear." (All translations above are from the writings of Konchog Lhundrub 1497-1557).

Panjarnata Mahakala is the main protector of the Sakya Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. Arising from the Vajrapanjara Tantra, Panjarnata along with Brahmarupa Mahakala, associated with the Guhyasamaja Tantra, are known as the 'Greater and Lesser Mahakalas' of the Sakya School (Tib.: gon po che chung).

Panjarnata Eight Deity Lineage: Vajradhara, Dakini Vajrapanjara, Acharya Brahmin Vararuchi, Norbu Lingka Dewa'i Dorje, Shraddhakara Varman, Lochen Rinchen Zangpo, Drag Tengpa Yontan Tsultrim, Mal Lotsawa Lodro Dragpa, Sachen Kunga Nyingpo, etc.

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Shri Kalachakra Mandala (Tibetan: pal du kyi kor lo kyil kor. English: the Mandala of the Glorious Wheel of Time): surrounded by lineage teachers above and deities of the mandala below. At the bottom center is the protector Vajra Vega.

At the top left is the circular mandala of Akshobhyavajra Guhyasamaja. At the to right is the circular mandala of Vajrabhairava. At the bottom right is the circular mandala of Krishna Yamari, wrathful, blue in colour, with three faces and six arms. At the bottom left is the circular mandala of Rakta Yamari, wrathful, red in colour, with one face and two arms.

Along the top of the composition are the twenty-five Vidyadaras of the Shambhala Pureland. At the very top center is Heruka Kalachakra with one face and two hands embracing the yellow consort Vishvamata. Below that is Tsongkapa, founder of the Gelug Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

At the bottom right corner is Panjarnata Mahakala, Shri Devi, Vaishravana Riding a Lion and Yama Dharmaraja.

Tibet

1600 - 1699

Gelug Lineage

120.40x78.40cm (47.40x30.87in)

Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton

Collection of Museum of Fine Arts, Boston